Genetic Determination of Resistance to Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Sheep: Parameter Estimation For Breeding Strategies
Keywords:
candidate genes, genomics, genome-wide association study, gastrointestinal nematodes, sheep, quantitative trait lociAbstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) pose a significant threat to sheep production, leading to economic losses and animal welfare concerns. The widespread emergence of anthelmintic resistance has highlighted the urgent need for alternative control strategies. Breeding for genetic resistance to GIN offers a sustainable and long-term solution. This review explores the genetic basis of resistance in sheep, focusing on the critical role of parameter estimation for informing effective breeding strategies. We discuss the complex interplay of host-parasite interactions, the genetic architecture of resistance, and the challenges and opportunities associated with estimating heritability and genetic correlations. Advancements in genomic technologies, including QTL mapping, candidate gene analysis, and GWAS, have provided valuable insights into the genetic basis of resistance. Genomic selection (GS) offers a promising approach for accelerating genetic progress by enabling more accurate and earlier selection of animals with superior genetic merit. However, effective breeding programs require an integrated approach that combines genetic selection with appropriate environmental management practices. Future research should focus on developing innovative technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, next-generation sequencing, and functional genomics approaches, to further enhance GIN resistance. Collaboration between researchers, breeders, and producers is essential for translating scientific knowledge into practical applications, promoting sustainable and resilient livestock production systems, and ensuring the long-term health and profitability of the sheep industry.
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